山東電纜橋架｜溫差8℃散熱實(shí)測：選對光伏款，年多賺1%發(fā)電量

　　Shandong Cable Tray | Maximum Temperature Difference of 8 ℃ Heat Dissipation Test: Choosing the Right Photovoltaic Model, Earning 1% More Annual Electricity Generation

　　做工商業(yè)光伏項(xiàng)目的山東及周邊從業(yè)者，大多把精力集中在光伏組件、逆變器等主材選型上，卻極易忽略山東電纜橋架這類區(qū)域適配性輔材，對電站收益的隱性影響。很多人不知道，看似不起眼的橋架款式與散熱設(shè)計(jì)，會(huì)直接決定線纜運(yùn)行溫度，進(jìn)而影響發(fā)電效率，長期下來造成的發(fā)電量損失不容小覷。結(jié)合山東戶外光照足、夏季高溫的氣候特點(diǎn)，通過輻照燈模擬戶外高溫工況實(shí)測，對比三類主流光伏橋架的散熱效果，數(shù)據(jù)差異直觀驚人，選對適配本地環(huán)境的散熱型橋架，不用額外投入成本，就能守住電站發(fā)電量，避免輔材“偷走”收益。

　　Most practitioners in Shandong and surrounding areas who work on commercial photovoltaic projects focus their energy on the selection of main materials such as photovoltaic modules and inverters, but easily overlook the implicit impact of regional adaptability auxiliary materials such as cable trays in Shandong on power plant revenue. Many people are unaware that seemingly inconspicuous bridge styles and heat dissipation designs can directly determine the operating temperature of cables, thereby affecting power generation efficiency. The long-term loss of power generation cannot be underestimated. Based on the climate characteristics of sufficient outdoor lighting and high summer temperatures in Shandong, a professional irradiation lamp was used to simulate outdoor high temperature conditions and compare the heat dissipation effects of three mainstream photovoltaic bridge frames. The data differences were intuitive and astonishing. Choosing the right heat dissipation bridge frame that is suitable for the local environment can maintain the power generation of the power station without additional investment costs and avoid auxiliary materials stealing profits.

　　本次實(shí)測選取工商業(yè)光伏項(xiàng)目常用的三款橋架：全封閉無通風(fēng)孔槽式橋架、帶通風(fēng)孔托盤式橋架、梯式（T式）橋架，在同等輻照強(qiáng)度、同等線纜負(fù)載、相同環(huán)境溫度下，連續(xù)8小時(shí)監(jiān)測線纜運(yùn)行溫度，得出精準(zhǔn)溫差數(shù)據(jù)。實(shí)測結(jié)果顯示，全封閉無孔橋架內(nèi)的線纜運(yùn)行溫度，比帶通風(fēng)孔托盤橋架高出**3-5℃**；而帶通風(fēng)孔款式，又比梯式（T式）橋架內(nèi)線纜溫度高出**3-5℃**，三款橋架的線纜溫差可達(dá)**8℃**，散熱效果差距十分明顯。

　　For this actual test, the three most commonly used cable trays in industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects were selected: fully enclosed trough type cable trays without ventilation holes, tray type cable trays with ventilation holes, and ladder type (T-shaped) cable trays. Under the same irradiation intensity, cable load, and environmental temperature, the cable operating temperature was monitored continuously for 8 hours to obtain accurate temperature difference data. The actual test results show that the operating temperature of the cables in the fully enclosed non perforated tray is 3-5 ℃ higher than that of the tray with ventilation holes; The style with ventilation holes has a cable temperature that is 3-5 ℃ higher than that of the ladder (T-shaped) cable tray. The cable temperature difference between the three cable trays can reach up to 8 ℃, and the difference in heat dissipation effect is very significant.

　　或許有人覺得幾度溫差無關(guān)緊要，但結(jié)合電力學(xué)電阻計(jì)算公式來看，線纜的導(dǎo)電電阻會(huì)隨溫度升高而增大，電阻上升直接導(dǎo)致線路損耗增加、實(shí)際傳輸功率下降，終體現(xiàn)在電站發(fā)電量上的損耗。行業(yè)內(nèi)普遍測算，線纜運(yùn)行溫度每升高5℃，線路損耗對應(yīng)提升約0.5%-1%，即便按保守的**1%發(fā)電量損耗**計(jì)算，對工商業(yè)光伏電站而言，損失十分可觀。以常見的1兆瓦工商業(yè)電站為例，年均發(fā)電量約120萬度，1%的損耗意味著一年少少發(fā)12000度電，直接影響項(xiàng)目周期，規(guī)模越大的電站，損耗金額越驚人。

　　Perhaps some people think that a temperature difference of a few degrees is irrelevant, but based on the resistance calculation formula in electrical engineering, the conductive resistance of cables increases with temperature. The increase in resistance directly leads to an increase in line losses and a decrease in actual transmission power, ultimately reflected in the loss of power generation in the power station. It is widely estimated in the industry that for every 5 ℃ increase in cable operating temperature, the corresponding line loss increases by about 0.5% -1%. Even if calculated conservatively at * * 1% power generation loss * *, the losses for commercial and industrial photovoltaic power plants are considerable. Taking a common 1 megawatt commercial power station as an example, with an average annual power generation of about 1.2 million kWh, a 1% loss means generating at least 12000 kWh less electricity per year, directly affecting the investment return cycle of the project. The larger the scale of the power station, the more astonishing the loss amount.

　　從光伏場景專屬需求來看，梯式（T式）橋架是工商業(yè)項(xiàng)目的選擇，也是行業(yè)內(nèi)逐步普及的散熱款型。梯式橋架無封閉擋板、鏤空率高，空氣可對流，散熱效率遠(yuǎn)超封閉槽式和半封閉托盤式，能降低線纜運(yùn)行溫度，壓低線路損耗；帶通風(fēng)孔托盤橋架適合對線纜防護(hù)有一定需求、散熱要求適中的場景，兼顧防護(hù)與基礎(chǔ)散熱；而全封閉無孔橋架，僅適合室內(nèi)、無高溫暴曬的短距離布線，不建議用于戶外工商業(yè)光伏項(xiàng)目，尤其是高溫、高輻照地區(qū)，會(huì)大幅加劇發(fā)電損耗。

　　From the perspective of exclusive requirements for photovoltaic scenarios, the ladder (T-shaped) bridge is the best choice for industrial and commercial projects, and is also a gradually popular heat dissipation model in the industry. Ladder style cable trays have no enclosed baffles and high hollow rates, allowing air to circulate in all directions. Their heat dissipation efficiency far exceeds that of enclosed trough and semi enclosed tray types, which can minimize cable operating temperatures and reduce line losses to the greatest extent possible; Tray trays with ventilation holes are suitable for scenarios that require cable protection and moderate heat dissipation, balancing protection and basic heat dissipation; However, fully enclosed non porous cable trays are only suitable for short distance wiring indoors without high temperature exposure, and are definitely not recommended for outdoor industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects, especially in high temperature and high radiation areas, which will significantly increase power generation losses.

　　除了散熱選型，光伏橋架的材質(zhì)合規(guī)性同樣關(guān)鍵，戶外光伏場景必須選用熱浸鋅或鋁合金材質(zhì)，嚴(yán)禁使用烤漆、塑料材質(zhì)，避免戶外日曬雨淋后快速腐蝕變形，既影響散熱，又縮短使用壽命，增加后期運(yùn)維成本。熱浸鋅橋架鋅層厚度≥85μm，耐鹽霧、抗老化，戶外可穩(wěn)定使用20年以上，搭配梯式結(jié)構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)散熱與耐用性雙達(dá)標(biāo)；鋁合金橋架輕量化、無渦流損耗，適配屋頂分布式光伏，散熱效果更優(yōu)。

　　In addition to heat dissipation selection, the material compliance of photovoltaic bridge frames is also crucial. For outdoor photovoltaic scenarios, hot-dip zinc or aluminum alloy materials must be selected, and the use of paint or plastic materials is strictly prohibited to avoid rapid corrosion and deformation after outdoor exposure to sunlight and rain, which not only affects heat dissipation but also shortens the service life and increases later maintenance costs. The thickness of zinc layer of hot-dip galvanized cable tray is ≥ 85 μ m, salt fog resistance, anti-aging, stable outdoor use for more than 20 years, and ladder structure to achieve both heat dissipation and durability; Aluminum alloy bridge frame is lightweight, with no eddy current loss, suitable for roof distributed photovoltaics, and has better heat dissipation effect.

　　山東及北方地區(qū)工商業(yè)光伏項(xiàng)目，夏季光照輻照強(qiáng)、高溫持續(xù)時(shí)間長，對電纜橋架散熱和耐候性要求更高，追求長期穩(wěn)定收益，每一度電的損耗都關(guān)乎終利潤，輔材選型絕不能馬虎。山東電纜橋架作為光伏項(xiàng)目核心輔材，直接關(guān)聯(lián)線路損耗與發(fā)電效率，放棄低價(jià)劣質(zhì)的全封閉無孔橋架，選擇適配本地氣候的梯式或通風(fēng)孔散熱款型，看似是小細(xì)節(jié)，實(shí)則是提升電站收益的關(guān)鍵舉措。依托山東本地生產(chǎn)與項(xiàng)目實(shí)操經(jīng)驗(yàn)，針對不同規(guī)模、不同場景的工商業(yè)光伏項(xiàng)目，精準(zhǔn)匹配橋架款式與材質(zhì)，既能控制采購成本，又能化減少發(fā)電損耗，實(shí)現(xiàn)一次選型、長期收益，為電站穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行保駕護(hù)航。

　　The industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects in Shandong and northern regions require higher requirements for cable tray heat dissipation and weather resistance due to strong summer light irradiation and long duration of high temperature. The pursuit of long-term stable income is crucial, and the loss of each kilowatt hour of electricity is related to the final profit. The selection of auxiliary materials must not be careless. As the core auxiliary material of photovoltaic projects, Shandong cable trays are directly related to line losses and power generation efficiency. Abandoning low-priced and low-quality fully enclosed non porous trays, choosing ladder or ventilation hole heat dissipation models that are suitable for local climate may seem like small details, but in fact, it is a key measure to improve power station revenue. Based on local production and project practical experience in Shandong, we accurately match bridge styles and materials for industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects of different scales and scenarios, which can not only control procurement costs but also minimize power generation losses, achieve one-time selection and long-term benefits, and safeguard the stable and efficient operation of power plants.

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