在一個機(jī)房項目中，比起造價昂貴、高科技的硬件和軟件，橋架顯的很不起眼，也很少為人關(guān)注，但它卻也是整個布線工程中不可缺少的部分。如何選擇合適的橋架呢？可是電纜橋架作為布線工程的一個配套項目,目前尚無專門的規(guī)范指導(dǎo),各生產(chǎn)廠家的規(guī)格程式缺乏通用性。因此,設(shè)計選型過程應(yīng)根據(jù)弱電各個系統(tǒng)線纜的類型、數(shù)量,合理選定適用的橋架。

　　In a computer room project, compared to expensive and high-tech hardware and software, cable trays may appear inconspicuous and receive little attention, but they are still an indispensable part of the entire cabling project. How to choose a suitable bridge frame? However, as a supporting project of wiring engineering, there is currently no specialized specification guidance for cable trays, and the specifications and programs of various manufacturers lack universality. Therefore, the design selection process should be based on the type and quantity of cables in each weak current system, and the appropriate cable tray should be selected reasonably.

　　01

　　01

　　電纜橋架型式及品種的選擇

　　Selection of cable tray types and varieties

　　1、需屏蔽電氣干擾的電纜網(wǎng)路或有防護(hù)外部（如：有腐蝕液休，易燃粉塵等環(huán)境）影響的要求時，應(yīng)選用（FB）類槽式復(fù)合型防腐屏蔽電纜橋架（帶蓋）。

　　1. When there is a requirement to shield cable networks from electrical interference or to protect against external influences (such as corrosive liquids, flammable dust, etc.), (FB) type slot type composite anti-corrosion shielding cable trays (with covers) should be selected.

　　2、強(qiáng)腐蝕性環(huán)境應(yīng)采用（F）類復(fù)合環(huán)氧樹脂防腐阻燃型電纜橋架。托臂、支架也要選用同樣材料，提高橋架及附件的使用壽命，電纜橋架。在容易積灰和其它需遮蓋的環(huán)境或戶外場所宜加蓋板。

　　2. For highly corrosive environments, (F) type composite epoxy resin anti-corrosion and flame-retardant cable trays should be used. The same materials should be used for the support arm and bracket to improve the service life of the cable tray and accessories. Cover plates should be added in environments or outdoor places that are prone to dust accumulation and require cover.

　　3、除上述情況外，可根據(jù)現(xiàn)場環(huán)境及技術(shù)要求選用托盤式、槽式、梯級式、玻璃防腐阻燃電纜橋架或鋼質(zhì)普通型橋架。在容易積灰和其它需遮蓋的環(huán)境或戶外場所宜加蓋板。

　　3. In addition to the above situations, tray type, trough type, step type, glass anti-corrosion and flame-retardant cable trays or steel ordinary cable trays can be selected according to the on-site environment and technical requirements. Cover plates should be added in environments or outdoor places that are prone to dust accumulation and require cover.

　　4、在公共通道或戶外跨越道路段，底層梯級的底部宜加墊板或在該段使用托盤 。大跨距跨越公共通道時，可根據(jù)用戶要求提高橋架的載荷能力或選用行架。

　　4. When crossing public passages or outdoor road sections, it is advisable to add padding or use pallets at the bottom of the lower steps. When crossing public passages with large spans, the load capacity of the bridge frame can be increased or a scaffolding can be selected according to user requirements.

　　5、大跨距（>3m）要選用復(fù)合型橋架（FB）。

　　5. Composite cable trays (FB) should be selected for large spans (>3m).

　　6、戶外要選用復(fù)合環(huán)氧樹指橋架（F）。

　　6. Choose composite epoxy tree finger bridge (F) for outdoor use.

　　02

　　02

　　關(guān)于線纜橋架的一些計算公式：

　　Some calculation formulas for cable trays:

　　電纜橋架是用薄鋼板沖壓而成。其承載能力具有一定的限度。電纜橋架的載荷能力的大小是一個與橋架規(guī)格和支撐距離有關(guān)的量。對應(yīng)于同一支撐距離和彎凸變形量，側(cè)面高度大的橋架承載能力大，高度小的橋架承載能力小。另外當(dāng)載荷能力劃、相同時，對于同一規(guī)格的電纜橋架，支撐距離小的比支撐距離大的彎曲變形量小。一般情況下電纜橋架每隔l.5～2.0m安裝一組支撐架。

　　Cable trays are made by stamping thin steel plates. Its carrying capacity has a certain limit. The load capacity of cable trays is a quantity related to the tray specifications and support distance. Corresponding to the same support distance and bending deformation, the bridge with a larger side height has a higher bearing capacity, while the bridge with a smaller height has a lower bearing capacity. In addition, when the load capacity is the same, for cable trays of the same specification, those with smaller support distances have less bending deformation than those with larger support distances. Generally, a set of support frames is installed every 1.5-2.0m on cable trays.

　　1、線纜橋架的實際荷載量計算G總 = n1*q1+ n2*q2 + n3*q3……nn*qn

　　1. The actual load calculation of cable trays is G=n1 * q1+n2 * q2+n3 * q3... nn * qn

　　公式中：G總為總荷載，架寬度的計算

　　In the formula, G represents the total load and the calculation of the frame width

　　電纜橋架寬度的確定隨著電力電纜1+k1)+n2*(d2+k2)+n3*(d3+k3)+……nn*（dn+kn）

　　The determination of cable tray width varies with power cable 1+k1)+n2 * (d2+k2)+n3 * (d3+k3)+... nn * (dn+kn)

　　公式中：d1、d2、d3……dn為橋架內(nèi)各種電纜的外徑，單位為mm；n1、n2、n3……nn為上述同種型號規(guī)格電纜的根數(shù)；K1、k2、k3……為上述電纜放置時的間距，其值小應(yīng)大于電纜直徑的1／4。

　　In the formula: d1, d2, d3... dn are the outer diameters of various cables inside the bridge, measured in millimeters; n1, n2, n3... nn are the number of cables of the same model and specification mentioned above; K1, k2, k3... are the distances between the cables when they are placed, and their minimum values should be greater than 1/4 of the cable diameter.

　　常用橋架的放線量

　　The laying amount of commonly used cable trays

　　常用橋架的利用率，這里舉了一些常見的。在了解橋架的利用率之前，我們可以先了解下超五類線與6類線的芯徑。

　　Here are some common utilization rates of commonly used cable trays. Before understanding the utilization rate of cable trays, we can first learn about the core diameters of Category 5e and Category 6 cables.

　　六類線芯徑：0.574

　　Six types of wire core diameter: 0.574

　　截面：30.1754

　　Section: 30.1754

　　超五類/五類芯徑：0.511

　　Super Category 5/Category 5 Core Diameter: 0.511

　　截面：19.625

　　Section: 19.625

　　這里面以橋架的利用率30%50%進(jìn)行舉例。

　　Here is an example of a bridge utilization rate of 30% to 50%.

　　我們實際使用是不能超過40%。

　　Our actual usage should not exceed 40%.

　　那么如何計算橋架呢？

　　So how to calculate the bridge frame?

　　例如：

　　For example:

　　已知6類網(wǎng)線的截面積是30.1754mm2，580根6類線用什么型號的橋架比較合適呢？

　　What type of cable tray is more suitable for 580 Class 6 cables with a cross-sectional area of 30.1754mm2?

　　我們計算出580根6類線截面積是多少?

　　First, let's calculate the cross-sectional area of 580 Class 6 wires?

　　30.1754mm2*580=17501.73mm2

　　30.1754mm2*580=17501.73mm2

　　由于利用率不能超過40%

　　Due to the utilization rate not exceeding 40%

　　17501.73mm2/40%=43754.3mm2

　　17501.73mm2/40%=43754.3mm2

　　所以橋架的總橫截面積要大于43264.1mm2

　　So the total cross-sectional area of the bridge should be greater than 43264.1mm2

　　所以接近的橋架型號是150*300 、200*300、100*600等型號。

　　So the closest bridge models are 150 * 300, 200 * 300, 100 * 600, and so on.

　　03

　　03

　　電纜橋架安裝連接明細(xì)

　　Cable tray installation and connection details

　　1、橋架材料主材料主要有電纜橋架、橋架彎頭、橋架三通、橋架四通、橋架異徑接頭。輔材有連接片、槽夾、螺絲、接地線、托臂、立柱、支架、螺栓、槽吊碼、吊桿等等；

　　1. The main materials for cable trays include cable trays, tray elbows, tray tees, tray tees, and tray reducers. Auxiliary materials include connecting pieces, slot clamps, screws, grounding wires, support arms, columns, brackets, bolts, slot hanging codes, suspension rods, etc;

　　2、橋架安裝

　　2. Bridge installation

　　①先把螺栓預(yù)埋安裝固定好，再用支架、立柱、托臂、吊桿進(jìn)行安裝；

　　① First, embed and fix the bolts, then proceed with installation using brackets, columns, support arms, and suspension rods;

　　②確定好橋架寬度，放電纜的條數(shù)，電纜直接及間距來確定電纜橋架的型號、規(guī)格、厚度等；

　　② Determine the width of the cable tray, the number of cables to be placed, and the direct and spacing of the cables to determine the model, specifications, thickness, etc. of the cable tray;

　　③電纜橋架安裝在高出地面2米以上，與頭頂部頂棚或其他障礙體不應(yīng)小于0.3米，寬度不能小于0.1米；

　　③ The cable tray should be installed at a height of more than 2 meters above the ground, and should not be less than 0.3 meters from the ceiling or other obstacles above the head. The width should not be less than 0.1 meters;

　　④電纜橋架水平敷設(shè)時，支撐跨度點(diǎn)一般為1.5~2.5米，而垂直敷設(shè)時固定點(diǎn)不能大于1.8米，每1.5米固定一個支撐點(diǎn)，彎通、三通的地方則需要增加獨(dú)立支撐點(diǎn)；

　　④ When laying cable trays horizontally, the support span point is generally 1.5-2.5 meters, while when laying vertically, the fixed point cannot exceed 1.8 meters. It is best to fix a support point every 1.5 meters, and independent support points need to be added at bends and tees;

　　電纜橋架在我國的應(yīng)用只有十多年,在歐美發(fā)達(dá)也不過是幾十年。在一個機(jī)房項目中，比起造價昂貴、高科技的硬件和軟件，橋架顯的很不起眼，也很少為人關(guān)注，但它卻也是整個布線工程中不可缺少的部分。可是電纜橋架作為布線工程的一個配套項目,目前尚無專門的規(guī)范指導(dǎo),各生產(chǎn)廠家的規(guī)格程式缺乏通用性。因此,設(shè)計選型過程應(yīng)根據(jù)弱電各個系統(tǒng)線纜的類型、數(shù)量,合理選定適用的橋架。

　　The application of cable trays in China has only been more than ten years, and in developed countries in Europe and America, it is only a few decades. In a computer room project, compared to expensive and high-tech hardware and software, cable trays may appear inconspicuous and receive little attention, but they are still an indispensable part of the entire cabling project. However, as a supporting project of wiring engineering, there is currently no specialized specification guidance for cable trays, and the specifications and programs of various manufacturers lack universality. Therefore, the design selection process should be based on the type and quantity of cables in each weak current system, and the appropriate cable tray should be selected reasonably.

　　04

　　04

　　電纜橋架型式及品種的選擇

　　Selection of cable tray types and varieties

　　1、需屏蔽電氣干擾的電纜網(wǎng)路或有防護(hù)外部（如：有腐蝕液休，易燃粉塵等環(huán)境）影響的要求時，應(yīng)選用（FB）類槽式復(fù)合型防腐屏蔽電纜橋架（帶蓋）。

　　1. When there is a requirement to shield cable networks from electrical interference or to protect against external influences (such as corrosive liquids, flammable dust, etc.), (FB) type slot type composite anti-corrosion shielding cable trays (with covers) should be selected.

　　2、強(qiáng)腐蝕性環(huán)境應(yīng)采用（F）類復(fù)合環(huán)氧樹脂防腐阻燃型電纜橋架。托臂、支架也要選用同樣材料，提高橋架及附件的使用壽命，電纜橋架。在容易積灰和其它需遮蓋的環(huán)境或戶外場所宜加蓋板。

　　2. For highly corrosive environments, (F) type composite epoxy resin anti-corrosion and flame-retardant cable trays should be used. The same materials should be used for the support arm and bracket to improve the service life of the cable tray and accessories. Cover plates should be added in environments or outdoor places that are prone to dust accumulation and require cover.

　　3、除上述情況外，可根據(jù)現(xiàn)場環(huán)境及技術(shù)要求選用托盤式、槽式、梯級式、玻璃防腐阻燃電纜橋架或鋼質(zhì)普通型橋架。在容易積灰和其它需遮蓋的環(huán)境或戶外場所宜加蓋板。

　　3. In addition to the above situations, tray type, trough type, step type, glass anti-corrosion and flame-retardant cable trays or steel ordinary cable trays can be selected according to the on-site environment and technical requirements. Cover plates should be added in environments or outdoor places that are prone to dust accumulation and require cover.

　　4、在公共通道或戶外跨越道路段，底層梯級的底部宜加墊板或在該段使用托盤 。大跨距跨越公共通道時，可根據(jù)用戶要求提高橋架的載荷能力或選用行架。

　　4. When crossing public passages or outdoor road sections, it is advisable to add padding or use pallets at the bottom of the lower steps. When crossing public passages with large spans, the load capacity of the bridge frame can be increased or a scaffolding can be selected according to user requirements.

　　5、大跨距（>3m）要選用復(fù)合型橋架（FB）。

　　5. Composite cable trays (FB) should be selected for large spans (>3m).

　　6、戶外要選用復(fù)合環(huán)氧樹指橋架（F）。

　　6. Choose composite epoxy tree finger bridge (F) for outdoor use.

　　05

　　05

　　電纜 橋架規(guī)格選擇

　　Selection of cable tray specifications

　　1、復(fù)合環(huán)氧樹脂電纜橋架的寬度和高度就按下表選擇，并應(yīng)符合電纜真充率不超過有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的規(guī)定值，動力電纜可取40-50%，控制電纜可取50-70%，另外需予留10-25%的式程發(fā)展余量。

　　1. The width and height of the composite epoxy resin cable tray should be selected according to the table below, and should comply with the specified values of the cable true filling rate not exceeding the relevant standard specifications. The power cable can be taken as 40-50%, the control cable can be taken as 50-70%, and an additional 10-25% formula development margin should be reserved.

　　2、各種彎通及附件規(guī)格應(yīng)符合工程布置條件并與橋架相配套。

　　2. The specifications of various bends and accessories should comply with the engineering layout conditions and be compatible with the bridge frame.

　　3、支、吊架規(guī)格的選擇，應(yīng)按橋架規(guī)格、層數(shù)、跨距等條件配置。并應(yīng)滿足荷載的要求。

　　3. The selection of support and hanger specifications should be configured according to the specifications, number of layers, span, and other conditions of the bridge frame. And it should meet the requirements of the load.

　　06

　　06

　　對于電纜橋架的支、吊架的配置

　　Configuration of supports and hangers for cable trays

　　1、戶內(nèi)支、吊短跨距一般采取1.5-3m；戶外立柱中跨距一般采取6m。

　　1. The short span of indoor supports and hangers is generally 1.5-3m; the mid span of outdoor columns is generally 6m.

　　2、非直線段的支、吊架配置就遵循以下原則：當(dāng)橋架寬度<300mm時，應(yīng)在距非直線段與直線結(jié)合處300-600m的直線段側(cè)設(shè)置一個支、吊架；當(dāng)橋架寬度>300mm時，除符合下述條件外，在非直線段中部還應(yīng)增設(shè)一個支、吊架。

　　2. The configuration of supports and hangers for non-linear sections follows the following principles: when the width of the bridge is less than 300mm, a support and hanger should be installed on the side of the straight section 300-600m away from the junction of the non-linear section and the straight section; When the width of the bridge is greater than 300mm, in addition to meeting the following conditions, a support or hanger should be added in the middle of the non-linear section.

　　3、拉擠玻璃鋼電纜橋架多層設(shè)置時層間中心距為200，250，300，350mm。

　　3. When setting up multiple layers of extruded fiberglass cable trays, the center distance between layers is 200250300350mm.

　　4、橋架直線段每隔50m應(yīng)予留伸縮縫20-30mm（金屬橋架）。

　　4. Expansion joints of 20-30mm (metal bridge) should be left every 50m in the straight section of the bridge.

　　08

　　08

　　弱電電纜橋架安裝過程

　　Installation process of weak current cable tray

　　1、線槽徑路選擇原則：如果還有其他的管線，那么就要幾家協(xié)調(diào)一下，畫一張管綜圖按管綜圖來施工。沒有的話，符合設(shè)計要求及施工規(guī)范，距離近，便于安裝維護(hù)。

　　1. Principle for selecting the routing of cable trays: If there are other specialized pipelines, several companies need to coordinate and draw a comprehensive pipe diagram for construction according to the diagram. If not, it meets the design requirements and construction specifications, is the closest distance, and is easy to install and maintain.

　　a.根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙檢查線槽徑路上所有孔洞是否全部完成，根據(jù)現(xiàn)場情況，確定線槽路徑，避免與其他的線槽路徑相沖突。

　　a. According to the design drawings, check whether all holes on the cable tray path are completed. Based on the site conditions, determine the cable tray path to avoid conflicts with other professional cable tray paths.

　　b.在線槽始端終端找好水平和垂直線，用墨斗在頂棚或墻面彈線。

　　b. Find horizontal and vertical lines from the beginning to the end of the online slot, and use an ink fountain to mark the lines on the ceiling or wall.

　　2、吊架安裝

　　2. Installation of hangers

　　a.按照每1.5米間距固定原則，在頂棚或墻面上劃出安裝孔位置，鉆孔，敲入膨脹管沖緊。

　　a. According to the principle of fixing every 1.5 meters, mark the installation hole positions on the ceiling or wall, drill holes, and knock in expansion pipes to tighten them.

　　b.將吊架對準(zhǔn)孔位，加上平墊、彈墊再帶上螺桿，一人扶住吊架并同時靠上水平尺把吊架扶水平或垂直，另一人把螺桿固定牢固。

　　b. Align the hanger with the hole position, add a flat pad, a spring pad, and a screw. One person holds the hanger and uses a level ruler to hold it horizontally or vertically, while the other person firmly fixes the screw.

　　c.在直線段的另外一端用同樣的方法安裝一組吊架。在前后兩組吊架的安裝線槽的平面用尼龍線拉通，尼龍線必須拉緊。再用尼龍線作為基準(zhǔn)線調(diào)節(jié)中間安裝的吊架。吊架與線槽的首端、分支、轉(zhuǎn)角、接頭及進(jìn)出線盒處支、吊架固定的位置間距不大于0.5 米。

　　c. Install a set of hangers at the other end of the straight section using the same method. Use nylon wire to pull through the installation cable trays of the front and rear two sets of hangers, and the nylon wire must be tightened. Use nylon thread as a reference line to adjust the suspension bracket installed in the middle. The distance between the fixed positions of hangers and cable trays at the beginning, branches, corners, joints, and the support and hanger at the inlet and outlet boxes shall not exceed 0.5 meters.

　　3、鋼槽安裝

　　3. Installation of steel trough

　　a.線槽的連接應(yīng)連續(xù)無間斷，每節(jié)線槽的固定點(diǎn)不應(yīng)少于兩個。在轉(zhuǎn)角、分支處和端部均應(yīng)有固定點(diǎn)，并應(yīng)緊貼墻面固定。

　　a. The connection of the trunking should be continuous without interruption, and each section of the trunking should have at least two fixed points. There should be fixed points at corners, branches, and ends, and they should be tightly attached to the wall for fixation.

　　b.鋼槽直線段連接應(yīng)采用連接板，用半圓頭螺絲由內(nèi)向外穿出加上平墊、彈墊螺帽緊固。連接處間隙應(yīng)嚴(yán)密平齊。鋼槽內(nèi)雜物，蓋上蓋板。槽蓋應(yīng)齊全、平整、無翹角。

　　b. The connection of the straight section of the steel groove should be made using a connecting plate, with a half round head screw threaded from the inside out and fastened with a flat washer and spring washer nut. The gap at the connection should be tight and level. Finally, remove any debris from the steel groove and cover it with a cover plate. The groove cover should be complete, flat, and free of warping.

　　c.固定或連接線槽的螺釘或其他緊固件，緊固后其端部應(yīng)與線槽內(nèi)表面光滑相接。

　　c. The screws or other fasteners used to fix or connect cable trays should have their ends smoothly connected to the inner surface of the cable tray after tightening.

　　d.鋼槽進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)角、分支連接時應(yīng)采用彎通、二通、三通、四通等進(jìn)行變通連接，鋼槽末端應(yīng)加裝封堵板。線槽的出線口應(yīng)位置正確、光滑、無毛刺。線槽敷設(shè)應(yīng)平直整齊，水平或垂直允許偏差為其長度的2%，且全長允許偏差為20mm。

　　d. When connecting corners and branches of steel troughs, flexible connections such as bends, two-way connections, three-way connections, and four-way connections should be used, and sealing plates should be installed at the end of the steel trough. The outlet of the trunking should be positioned correctly, smooth, and free of burrs. The installation of cable trays should be straight and neat, with a horizontal or vertical allowable deviation of 2% of their length, and a total allowable deviation of 20mm.

　　f.線槽兩端必須做好跨接地線，并留有伸縮余量，地線使用銅編織線;但金屬線槽不能作為設(shè)備的接地導(dǎo)體線槽必須單端接地。

　　f. Both ends of the trunking must be equipped with a jumper wire and leave room for expansion and contraction. The ground wire should be made of copper braided wire; But metal cable trays cannot be used as grounding conductors for equipment. Cable trays must be grounded at one end.

　　4、鋼槽孔洞位置處理

　　4. Position treatment of steel groove holes

　　鋼槽在通過墻體或樓板處，不得在墻壁或樓板處連接，也不應(yīng)將穿過墻壁或樓板的鋼槽與墻或樓板上的孔洞用水泥摸死。應(yīng)在穿纜后用防火泥封堵，并刷上與墻面相同色漆。

　　Steel troughs passing through walls or floors shall not be connected to walls or floors, and steel troughs passing through walls or floors shall not be cemented to holes in walls or floors. After threading the cable, it should be sealed with fireproof mud and painted with the same color as the wall.

　　電纜橋架安裝-接地

　　Cable tray installation - grounding

　　橋架安裝要求橫平豎直，表面平整，固定可靠，蓋板嚴(yán)實，支架排布合理，整齊美觀，橋架跨接線規(guī)范；橋架本體要加防松墊圈與支架可靠連接，連接處刮掉油漆。

　　The installation of cable trays requires horizontal and vertical alignment, smooth surface, reliable fixation, tight cover plates, reasonable and neat arrangement of brackets, and standardized jumper wires for cable trays; The bridge body should be securely connected to the bracket with anti loosening washers, and the paint should be scraped off at the connection.

　　電纜橋架、母線槽安裝—跨接線

　　Installation of cable trays and bus ducts - jumper wires

　　09

　　09

　　大跨距電纜橋架安裝與維護(hù)

　　Installation and maintenance of large-span cable trays

　　1、橋架高度為50、100時每端各6只連接孔，高度為150、200時每端各12只連接孔。

　　1. When the height of the bridge is 50 and 100, there are 6 connection holes at each end, and when the height is 150 and 200, there are 12 connection holes at each end.

　　2、支撐間距：支撐間距應(yīng)小于等于載荷曲線允許載荷和支撐跨距。

　　2. Support spacing: The support spacing should be less than or equal to the allowable load of the load curve and the support span.

　　3、橋架寬度：選擇電纜橋架的寬度時，應(yīng)留有一定的備用空位，以便為今后增添電纜用。

　　3. Bridge width: When selecting the width of the cable bridge, a certain amount of spare space should be left for future cable additions.

　　4、 隔開敷設(shè)：當(dāng)電力電纜和控制電纜較少時，可以在同一電纜橋架安裝，但中間須用隔板將電力電纜和控制電纜隔開敷設(shè)。

　　4. Separate laying: When there are few power cables and control cables, they can be installed on the same cable tray, but a partition must be used in the middle to separate the power cables and control cables for laying.

　　5、 電纜固定：匯線橋架水平敷設(shè)時，橋架之間的連接應(yīng)盡量設(shè)置在跨距1/4處。水平走向的電纜每隔2米左右固定一下，垂直走向的電纜每隔1.5米左右固定一下。

　　5. Cable fixation: When laying cable trays horizontally, the connections between trays should be set at 1/4 of the span as much as possible. Horizontal cables should be fixed every 2 meters, while vertical cables should be fixed every 1.5 meters.

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