一、橋架的選型及分類：

　　1、 Selection and classification of cable trays:

　　橋架選型不僅要能滿足項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場線纜敷設(shè)的需求及其相關(guān)規(guī)范的規(guī)定，同時還要考慮具體項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)場的安裝條件，選用合適類型、合適表面處理工藝的鋼制電纜橋架，下面我們就從橋架表面處理工藝以及橋架自身結(jié)構(gòu)的不同探討一下橋架選型。

　　The selection of cable trays should not only meet the requirements of cable laying on the project site and the relevant regulations, but also consider the installation conditions of the specific project site. Suitable types and surface treatment processes of steel cable trays should be selected. Below, we will explore the selection of cable trays based on the differences in surface treatment processes and the structure of the trays themselves.

　　（一）、按橋架表面處理工藝分：

　　（1） According to the surface treatment process of the bridge frame:

　　1、電鍍鋅橋架：適用于一般的環(huán)境中，由于造價低廉，現(xiàn)場安裝方便，既適用于動力電纜的安裝，也適用于控制電纜的敷設(shè)，是石油、化工、輕工、電視、電訊等方面應(yīng)用廣泛的一種橋架

　　1. Galvanized cable tray: suitable for general environments, due to its low cost and easy on-site installation, it is suitable for both power cable installation and control cable laying. It is the most widely used cable tray in petroleum, chemical, light industry, television, telecommunications and other fields

　　2、熱鍍鋅電纜橋架：適用于環(huán)境較為惡劣的酸堿及潮濕的環(huán)境中，耐腐蝕性好、使用壽命長，相對成本稍高

　　2. Hot dip galvanized cable tray: suitable for environments with harsh acidity, alkalinity, and humidity, with good corrosion resistance, long service life, and slightly higher relative cost

　　3、靜電粉末噴涂電纜橋架：可以根據(jù)塑粉的顏色加工成各種顏色，色澤美觀，并可根據(jù)使用的環(huán)境不同采用環(huán)氧塑粉和聚酯粉，使用范圍廣泛，造型美觀大方

　　3. Electrostatic powder coating cable tray: can be processed into various colors according to the color of the plastic powder, with beautiful color. It can also use epoxy powder and polyester powder according to different usage environments, with a wide range of applications and beautiful and elegant shapes

　　4、不銹鋼橋架：高耐蝕不銹鋼橋架能適用于各種化工企業(yè)的酸、堿型大氣重腐蝕介質(zhì)，不僅使用壽命長，而且美觀、易清潔，是其他任何材料橋架產(chǎn)品無法替代的。

　　4. Stainless steel bridge frame: High corrosion resistant stainless steel bridge frame can be used for acid and alkali atmospheric heavy corrosive media in various chemical enterprises. It not only has a long service life, but also is beautiful and easy to clean, which cannot be replaced by any other material bridge frame product.

　　5、鋁合金電纜橋架：采用鋁合金型材為主要材料加工而成，角鐵電纜支架具有質(zhì)輕美觀，防腐耐用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，特別用于高層建筑、現(xiàn)代化廠房使用;

　　5. Aluminum alloy cable tray: made mainly of aluminum alloy profiles, angle iron cable brackets have the advantages of light weight, beauty, corrosion resistance, and durability, especially for use in high-rise buildings and modern factories;

　　6、玻璃鋼橋架：由玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)塑料和阻燃劑及其它材料組成，通過復(fù)合模壓料加不銹鋼屏蔽網(wǎng)壓制而成。由于其所選材料具有較低的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)及阻燃劑的加入使產(chǎn)品不僅具有耐火隔熱性、自熄性，而且具有很高的耐腐蝕性，同時還具有結(jié)構(gòu)輕、耐老化、可靠等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在一般環(huán)境地區(qū)，特別是在沿海監(jiān)霧地區(qū)、高濕度和有腐蝕性的環(huán)境中，更能顯示出它的優(yōu)勢。

　　6. Fiberglass bridge frame: composed of glass fiber reinforced plastic, flame retardant and other materials, pressed by composite molding material and stainless steel shielding mesh. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the selected materials and the addition of flame retardants, the product not only has fire-resistant insulation and self extinguishing properties, but also has high corrosion resistance. At the same time, it has the advantages of light structure, aging resistance, safety and reliability. In general environmental areas, especially in coastal fog monitoring areas, high humidity and corrosive environments, it can better demonstrate its advantages.

　　（二）、按橋架樣式來分，工業(yè)與民用建筑常用的有以下幾種橋架

　　（2） According to the style of cable trays, there are several commonly used types of cable trays in industrial and civil buildings

　　1、槽式電纜橋架是一種全封閉型電纜橋架，它適用于敷設(shè)計算機(jī)電纜、通信電纜、熱電偶電纜及其它高靈敏系統(tǒng)的控制電纜的屏蔽干擾和重腐蝕環(huán)境中電纜的防護(hù)都有較好的效果。

　　1. Trough type cable tray is a fully enclosed cable tray, which is most suitable for laying computer cables, communication cables, thermocouple cables, and other control cables of high-sensitivity systems. It has good shielding interference and cable protection in heavily corrosive environments.

　　2、梯級式橋架具有重量輕、成本低、造型別具、安裝方便、散熱、透氣性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，特別適用于一般直徑大電纜的敷設(shè)，特別適用于高、低動力電纜的敷設(shè)。

　　2. Cascade cable trays have the advantages of light weight, low cost, unique design, easy installation, heat dissipation, and good breathability. They are particularly suitable for laying large diameter cables and high and low power cables.

　　3、托盤式電纜橋架具有重量輕、載荷大、造型美觀、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、安裝方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，它既適合用于動力電纜的安裝，也適用于控制電纜的敷設(shè)。

　　3. Tray type cable trays have the advantages of light weight, large load capacity, beautiful appearance, simple structure, and easy installation. They are suitable for both the installation of power cables and the laying of control cables.

　　4、大跨距橋架一般是由拉擠玻璃鋼型材組裝而成，適用于電力電纜、控制電纜、照明電纜及配件等。與鐵制橋架相比，具有使用壽命長（一般設(shè)計壽命為二十年）、安裝方便且成本低（比重僅為碳鋼的1/4，施工中無需動火，單根橋架長度可達(dá)8米，甚更長）、切割方便、不需維護(hù)等優(yōu)越性。

　　4. Large span cable trays are generally assembled from extruded fiberglass profiles and are suitable for power cables, control cables, lighting cables, and accessories. Compared with iron cable trays, it has advantages such as long service life (generally designed for 20 years), easy installation and low cost (with a specific gravity of only 1/4 of carbon steel, no need for hot work during construction, and a single cable tray length of up to 8 meters or even longer), convenient cutting, and no maintenance required.

　　5、組合式電纜橋架是一種新型橋架，是電纜橋架系列中的第二代產(chǎn)品。它適用各項(xiàng)工程、各種單位、各種電纜的敷設(shè)，它具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、配置靈活、安裝方便、形式新穎等特點(diǎn)。

　　5. Composite cable tray is a new type of cable tray and the second generation product in the cable tray series. It is suitable for laying various projects, units, and cables. It has the characteristics of simple structure, flexible configuration, easy installation, and novel form.

　　組合式電纜橋架只要采用寬100、150、200mm的三種基型就可以組成您所需要尺寸的電纜橋架，它不需生產(chǎn)彎通、三通等配件就可以根據(jù)現(xiàn)場安裝任意轉(zhuǎn)向、變寬、分引上、引下。在任意部位、不需要打孔、焊接就可用管引出。它既可方便工程設(shè)計，又方便生產(chǎn)運(yùn)輸、更方便安裝施工，是目前電纜橋架中理想的產(chǎn)品

　　The combination cable tray can be assembled into the cable tray of the required size by using three basic types with a width of 100, 150, and 200mm. It does not require the production of bends, tees, and other accessories and can be installed on site in any direction, widened, and divided up and down. Pipe can be used to lead out at any location without drilling or welding. It is not only convenient for engineering design, but also for production and transportation, and more convenient for installation and construction. It is currently the most ideal product in cable trays

　　二、橋架的安裝及定額套用

　　2、 Installation and quota application of cable trays

　　（一）橋架安裝

　　（1） Bridge installation

　　1、電纜橋架水平安裝時的距地高度一般要高于于2.50m，垂直安裝時距地2m以下部分應(yīng)加金屬蓋板保護(hù)，但敷設(shè)在電氣專用房間（如配電室，電氣豎井、技術(shù)層等）內(nèi)時除外。

　　1. When installing cable trays horizontally, the height above the ground should generally be higher than 2.50m. When installing vertically, the part below 2m from the ground should be protected with a metal cover plate, except when laid in electrical dedicated rooms (such as distribution rooms, electrical shafts, technical floors, etc.).

　　2、電纜橋架水平安裝時，宜按荷載曲線選取跨距進(jìn)行支撐，跨距一般為1.5～3m。垂直敷設(shè)時，其固定點(diǎn)間距不宜大于2m.

　　2. When installing cable trays horizontally, it is advisable to select the optimal span for support according to the load curve, which is generally 1.5-3m. When laying vertically, the spacing between fixing points should not exceed 2m

　　3、幾組電纜橋架在同一高度平行安裝時，各相鄰電纜橋架間應(yīng)考慮干擾、維護(hù)、檢修距離。

　　3. When several sets of cable trays are installed in parallel at the same height, interference, maintenance, and repair distances should be considered between adjacent cable trays.

　　4、.在電纜橋架上可以無間距敷設(shè)電纜，電纜在橋架內(nèi)橫斷面的填充率：控制電纜不應(yīng)大于50％，電力電纜不應(yīng)大于40％。

　　4.  Cables can be laid without distance on cable trays, and the filling rate of cables in the cross-section of the tray should not exceed 50% for control cables and 40% for power cables.

　　5.下列不同電壓，不同用途的電纜，不宜敷設(shè)在同一層橋架上：

　　5. The following cables with different voltages and purposes should not be laid on the same layer of cable tray:

　　1）1kV以下和lkV以上的電纜。

　　1) Cables below 1kV and above 1kV.

　　2）同一路徑向一級負(fù)荷供電的雙路電源電纜。

　　2) Dual power cables that supply power to the primary load through the same path.

　　3）一般照明和應(yīng)急照明的電纜。

　　3) Cables for general lighting and emergency lighting.

　　4）弱電和強(qiáng)電電纜。如受條件限制需安裝在同一層橋架上時，應(yīng)用隔板隔開，線于線間隔應(yīng)該大于200mm。

　　4) Weak current and strong current cables. If installation is required on the same level of bridge due to limitations, partitions should be used to separate them, and the distance between lines should be greater than 200mm.

　　6.電纜橋架與各種管道平行或交叉時，其小凈距應(yīng)符合表1的規(guī)定。

　　When cable trays are parallel or intersect with various pipelines, their minimum clear distance should comply with the provisions of Table 1.

　　7.電纜橋架不宜安裝在腐蝕性氣體管道和熱力管道的上方及腐蝕性液體管道的下方，否則應(yīng)采取防腐、隔熱措施。

　　7. Cable trays should not be installed above corrosive gas pipelines and thermal pipelines, or below corrosive liquid pipelines. Otherwise, anti-corrosion and insulation measures should be taken.

　　電纜橋架與各種管道的小凈距

　　Minimum clear distance between cable trays and various pipelines

　　8、直線段電纜橋架長度超過 30M 設(shè)有伸縮節(jié)，其連接宜采用伸縮連接板

　　8. If the length of the straight cable tray exceeds 30M, expansion joints should be installed, and expansion connection plates should be used for its connection

　　9、電纜橋架在穿過防火墻及防火樓板時，應(yīng)噴防火漆并采取隔離措施。

　　9. When cable trays pass through firewalls and fire-resistant floor slabs, fire-resistant paint should be sprayed and isolation measures should be taken.

　　10、金屬橋架安裝時接地要求

　　10. Grounding requirements for metal bridge installation

　　（1）、金屬電纜橋架及其支架全長應(yīng)不少于2處與接地(PE)或接零(PEN)干線相連接。

　　(1) The total length of metal cable trays and their supports should be connected to the grounding (PE) or neutral (PEN) main line at no less than 2 points.

　　（2）、 非鍍鋅電纜橋架間連接板的兩端跨接銅芯接地線，接地線小允許截面積不小于4mm2。

　　(2) The two ends of the connecting plate between non galvanized cable trays shall be bridged with copper core grounding wires, and the minimum allowable cross-sectional area of the grounding wire shall not be less than 4mm2.

　　（3）、 鍍鋅電纜橋架間連接板的兩端不跨接接地線，但連接板兩端不少于2個有防松螺母或防松墊圈的連接固定螺栓。

　　(3) The two ends of the connecting plate between galvanized cable trays shall not be connected to the grounding wire, but there shall be no less than 2 connection fixing bolts with anti loosening nuts or anti loosening washers at both ends of the connecting plate.

　　（二）定額套用

　　（2） Quota application

　　1、工程量計算規(guī)則：橋架安裝應(yīng)按設(shè)計圖示中心線，以“m”為計量單位，均不扣除變通、三通、四通等配件所占長度

　　1. Calculation rules for engineering quantity: Bridge installation should be carried out according to the centerline of the design drawing, with "m" as the unit of measurement, without deducting the length occupied by flexible, three-way, four-way and other accessories

　　2、橋架安裝定額已包括：運(yùn)輸、組對、吊裝、固定；彎通或三、四通修改，制作組對；切割口防腐、橋架開孔、上管件、隔板安裝、蓋板安裝、接地、附件安裝等工作內(nèi)容，不得另計。

　　2. The installation quota for cable trays includes transportation, assembly, lifting, and fixation; Modification of bends, tees, and tees by the production team; The work contents such as cutting mouth anti-corrosion, bridge opening, upper pipe fittings, partition installation, cover plate installation, grounding, and accessory installation shall not be separately calculated.

　　3、橋架支撐架項(xiàng)目適用于立柱、托臂及其他各種支撐架的安裝。項(xiàng)目中已綜合考慮了采用螺栓、焊接和膨脹螺栓三種固定方式，實(shí)際施工中，不論采用何種固定方式，均不作調(diào)整（注意：橋架支撐架定額適用成品支架，對于用角鋼和絲桿另外制作橋架支架可以套用鐵構(gòu)件制作、安裝定額號。）

　　3. The bridge support frame project is suitable for the installation of columns, brackets, and other various support frames. In the project, three fixing methods including bolts, welding, and expansion bolts have been comprehensively considered. In actual construction, regardless of which fixing method is used, no adjustments will be made (note: the quota for bridge support frames applies to finished brackets, and for using angle steel and screw rods to make bridge supports separately, iron components can be used to make and install the quota number)

　　4、玻璃鋼梯式橋架和鋁合金梯式橋架項(xiàng)目均按不帶蓋考慮，如這兩種橋架帶蓋，則分別執(zhí)行玻璃鋼槽式橋架項(xiàng)目和鋁合金槽式橋架項(xiàng)目。

　　4. Both fiberglass ladder bridge and aluminum alloy ladder bridge projects are considered without covers. If these two types of bridges have covers, the fiberglass trough bridge project and aluminum alloy trough bridge project will be executed separately.

　　5、鋼制橋架主結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計厚度大于3mm時，項(xiàng)目人工、機(jī)械乘以系數(shù)1.20。

　　5. When the design thickness of the main structure of the steel bridge is greater than 3mm, the labor and machinery of the project are multiplied by a factor of 1.20.

　　6、不銹鋼橋架按本章鋼制橋架項(xiàng)目人工、材料、機(jī)械乘以系數(shù)1.10。

　　6. Stainless steel cable trays shall be constructed by multiplying the labor, materials, and machinery of the steel cable tray project in this chapter by a factor of 1.10.

　　7、電纜橋架按材質(zhì)分為鋼制(又分為鍍鋅和噴塑)、玻璃鋼和鋁合金橋架。按結(jié)構(gòu)分為槽式、托盤、組合橋架。除組合橋架按每100片計量外，其余均按寬加高(mm)區(qū)分定額項(xiàng)目。電纜橋架安裝項(xiàng)目中已包括彎通、三通等所需人工，但應(yīng)按定額中橋架含量扣除彎通、三通、四通等所占長度后，另行計算彎通、三通、四通的材料費(fèi)（注意：橋架彎通、三通、四通的材料費(fèi)可以另計的）

　　7. Cable trays are divided into steel (galvanized and sprayed), fiberglass, and aluminum alloy trays according to their materials. Divided into trough type, tray type, and combination bridge according to structure. Except for the composite bridge frame, which is measured every 100 pieces, all other quota items are distinguished by width and height (mm). The installation project of cable tray already includes the labor required for bends, tees, etc., but the material cost for bends, tees, and tees should be calculated separately after deducting the length occupied by bends, tees, and tees from the tray content in the quota (note: the material cost for bends, tees, and tees of cable tray can be calculated separately)

　　8、關(guān)于橋架支架的計算：大多電氣預(yù)算員對于橋架支架都是按每米含量計算（如下圖）

　　8. Regarding the calculation of bridge bracket: Most electrical budget personnel calculate the bridge bracket based on the content per meter (as shown in the figure below)

　　對于特殊情況我們必須知道橋架支架的具體計算辦法，舉例說明：

　　For special circumstances, we must know the specific calculation method of the bridge bracket. For example:

　　（1）、水平安裝400*150鋼制橋架安裝的支吊架計算：

　　(1) Calculation of support and hanger for horizontal installation of 400 * 150 steel bridge frame:

　　A、已知層高3.3m，橋架安裝高度2.55m。求吊桿直徑12圓鋼長度：3.3-2.55=0.75m,再加吊桿下端套絲預(yù)留及調(diào)整水平高度0.05m，及單根單根長度0.75+0.05=0.8m，2根單根吊桿合計長度等于1.6m；又計算橋架底部橫擔(dān)角鋼（40*40*4）的長度：橋架寬度0.4m兩端各預(yù)留0.05m（鉆孔裝吊桿）長度以后即等于0.4+0.05+0.05=0.6m，樓層頂部安裝吊桿角鋼2個，每個長度0.1m計0.2m，角鋼合計長度為0.6+0.2=0.8m。

　　A、 Given a floor height of 3.3m and a bridge installation height of 2.55m, the diameter of the suspension rod is calculated to be 12. The length of the round steel is 3.3-2.55=0.75m, and the lower end of the suspension rod is threaded to reserve and adjust the horizontal height by 0.05m. The length of each single suspension rod is 0.75+0.05=0.8m, and the total length of the two single suspension rods is 1.6m. The length of the cross arm angle steel (40 * 40 * 4) at the bottom of the bridge is also calculated to be 0.4m. After reserving 0.05m (drilling and installing suspension rods) at both ends, the total length of the angle steel is 0.4+0.05+0.05=0.6m. Two suspension rod angle steels are installed at the top of the floor, each with a length of 0.1m, totaling 0.2m.

　　以上計算出單個支吊架材料是：40*40*4等邊角鋼0.8m，D12圓鋼1.6m長度；再換算為重量：角鋼0.8*2.422=1.9376kg，圓鋼1.6*0.888=1.4208kg；合計單個支吊架材料重量為：1.9376+1.4208=3.3584kg。

　　The above calculation shows that the material of a single support hanger is: 0.8m 40 * 40 * 4 equal angle steel, 1.6m D12 round steel length; Converted to weight: angle steel 0.8 * 2.422=1.9376kg, round steel 1.6 * 0.888=1.4208kg; the total weight of a single support and hanger material is: 1.9376+1.4208=3.3584kg.

　　B、計算400*150橋架長度以后，安裝間距1.5m一個支架計算出支吊架的個數(shù)。

　　B、 After calculating the length of the 400 * 150 bridge, install a bracket with a spacing of 1.5m and calculate the number of supports and hangers.

　　C、以支吊架個數(shù)*單個支吊架重量=安裝400*150橋架時的支架總重量。

　　C、 The total weight of the support when installing a 400 * 150 bridge is calculated by multiplying the number of supports and hangers by the weight of a single support and hanger.

　　D、安裝支吊架總重量分別套鐵構(gòu)件制作和安裝的定額子目就行了。

　　D、 The total weight of the installation support and hanger should be divided into the quota sub items for the production and installation of iron components.

　　（2）、電井內(nèi)垂直橋架安裝400*150鋼制橋架安裝的支吊架計算：

　　(2) Calculation of support and hanger for the installation of 400 * 150 steel cable tray in the vertical cable tray of the electric well:

　　A,電井垂直橋架一般采用梯式橋架，支架用角鋼制作，根據(jù)橋架大小確定角鋼；如L40*40*4角鋼：0.2*2+0.1*2+0.4=1米，

　　A, Vertical cable trays for electric wells generally adopt ladder type cable trays, and the brackets are made of angle steel, which is determined according to the size of the cable tray; For example, L40 * 40 * 4 angle steel: 0.2 * 2+0.1 * 2+0.4=1 meter,

　　1米*2.422Kg/米=2.422Kg

　　1 meter * 2.422Kg/meter=2.422Kg

　　B,計算400*150橋架長度以后，安裝間距1.5m一個支架計算出支吊架的個數(shù)。

　　B, After calculating the length of the 400 * 150 bridge, install a bracket with a spacing of 1.5m and calculate the number of supports and hangers.

　　C、以支吊架個數(shù)*單個支吊架重量=安裝400*150橋架時的支架總重量。

　　C、 The total weight of the support when installing a 400 * 150 bridge is calculated by multiplying the number of supports and hangers by the weight of a single support and hanger.

　　D、安裝支吊架總重量分別套鐵構(gòu)件制作和安裝的定額子目就行了。

　　D、 The total weight of the installation support and hanger should be divided into the quota sub items for the production and installation of iron components.

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