濟南電纜橋架：嚴守30%紅線，杜絕光伏電纜發(fā)熱起火隱患

　　Jinan cable tray: strictly adhere to the 30% plot ratio red line, eliminate the hidden danger of photovoltaic cable heating and fire

　　在濟南及周邊工商業(yè)光伏項目施工與運維中，從業(yè)者往往緊盯組件效率、逆變器穩(wěn)定性，卻容易忽視電纜橋架內(nèi)**電纜**這一關(guān)鍵紅線，這也是不少電站后期出現(xiàn)電纜發(fā)熱、線路老化甚起火隱患的核心誘因。電纜直接關(guān)系線路運行與電站使用壽命，尤其濟南夏季高溫、冬季溫差大，戶外光伏線纜長期處于高低溫交替環(huán)境，管控更容不得半點馬虎。行業(yè)明確規(guī)定，光伏橋架內(nèi)電纜必須嚴控在30%以內(nèi)，突破這條紅線，輕則加速線纜老化、增加線路損耗，重則引發(fā)事故，給項目帶來不可挽回的損失。

　　In the construction and operation of industrial and commercial photovoltaic projects in Jinan and its surrounding areas, practitioners often focus on component efficiency and inverter stability, but easily overlook the key safety red line of * * cable volume ratio * * in cable trays. This is also the core cause of cable heating, line aging, and even fire hazards in many power plants in the later stage. The cable plot ratio is directly related to the safe operation of the power line and the service life of the power station, especially in Jinan where there is a high temperature in summer and a large temperature difference in winter. Outdoor photovoltaic cables are exposed to alternating high and low temperatures for a long time, and plot ratio control cannot be taken lightly. According to industry regulations, the cable volume ratio inside photovoltaic cable trays must be strictly controlled within 30%. Breaking this red line can accelerate cable aging and increase line losses, or cause safety accidents and irreversible losses to the project.

　　電纜，簡單來說就是電纜總截面積與橋架內(nèi)部有效橫截面積的比值，是光伏橋架布線的核心技術(shù)指標，也是行業(yè)強制規(guī)范的標準。30%的紅線，是經(jīng)過大量實測與工程驗證得出的閾值，這個比例既能保證線纜在橋架內(nèi)有序排布，預留充足的散熱空間，又能滿足常規(guī)光伏項目的布線需求，兼顧實用性與性。很多施工方為了節(jié)省成本、簡化施工，盲目在橋架內(nèi)多布線纜，將拉高40%、50%甚更高，線纜相互擠壓、層層堆疊，完全沒有散熱間隙，這是極其危險的違規(guī)操作。

　　Cable plot ratio, simply put, is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the cable to the effective cross-sectional area inside the cable tray. It is the core technical indicator for photovoltaic cable tray wiring and a mandatory safety standard in the industry. The 30% plot ratio red line is a safety threshold obtained through extensive testing and engineering verification. This ratio can ensure that cables are arranged in an orderly manner within the cable tray, reserve sufficient heat dissipation space, and meet the wiring requirements of conventional photovoltaic projects, balancing practicality and safety. Many construction companies, in order to save costs and simplify construction, blindly lay more cables inside the bridge, increasing the volume ratio to 40%, 50%, or even higher. The cables are squeezed and stacked layer by layer without any heat dissipation gaps, which is an extremely dangerous violation of regulations.

　　電纜超標，危害會逐步顯現(xiàn)且不可逆。是**持續(xù)發(fā)熱**，線纜密集排布導致熱量無法散發(fā)，運行溫度遠超設(shè)計標準，結(jié)合此前橋架散熱實測數(shù)據(jù)，溫度每升高5℃，線路損耗提升0.5%-1%，不僅會“偷走”發(fā)電量，1兆瓦電站一年或多發(fā)損失上萬度電，更會加速電纜絕緣層老化變脆，失去絕緣保護效果。長期超負荷發(fā)熱，會讓線纜絕緣層逐步融化、開裂，進而引發(fā)線路短路、漏電，極端情況下直接觸發(fā)起火事故，燒毀整個布線系統(tǒng)，甚波及光伏組件與周邊設(shè)備，造成重大財產(chǎn)損失，還會帶來人身風險。

　　If the cable volume ratio exceeds the standard, the harm will gradually become apparent and irreversible. Firstly, the continuous heating caused by the dense arrangement of cables results in the inability to dissipate heat, and the operating temperature far exceeds the design standard. Based on previous measured data on bridge heat dissipation, for every 5 ℃ increase in temperature, the line loss increases by 0.5% -1%. This not only "steals" the power generation, but also accelerates the aging and brittleness of the cable insulation layer, resulting in a loss of insulation protection effect for a 1 MW power plant that generates tens of thousands of kilowatt hours of electricity per year or more. Long term overload heating can cause the insulation layer of cables to gradually melt and crack, leading to short circuits and leakage of electricity. In extreme cases, it can directly trigger a fire accident, burning down the entire wiring system and even affecting photovoltaic modules and peripheral equipment, causing significant property damage and personal safety risks.

　　濟南地區(qū)光伏項目施工，選用適配的濟南電纜橋架，配合規(guī)范布線，是嚴守30%紅線的關(guān)鍵。針對光伏直流、交流線纜分類布線需求，優(yōu)先選擇梯式橋架或帶通風孔托盤橋架，這類橋架本身散熱效率高，配合合規(guī)，雙重保障線纜降溫；施工過程中，嚴禁為了省事混布線、多布線，提前測算線纜截面積，合理規(guī)劃橋架規(guī)格與數(shù)量，做到線纜排布整齊、間距均勻，不擠壓、不纏繞。同時，強弱電線纜分開布設(shè)，進一步預留散熱空間，從施工源頭杜絕超標問題。

　　The construction of photovoltaic projects in Jinan area requires the use of suitable Jinan cable trays and standardized wiring, which is the key to strictly adhering to the 30% plot ratio red line. For the classification and wiring needs of photovoltaic DC and AC cables, priority should be given to ladder style cable trays or tray trays with ventilation holes. These types of cable trays have high heat dissipation efficiency and, combined with compliant volume ratios, provide dual protection for cable cooling; During the construction process, it is strictly prohibited to mix wiring and multiple wiring in order to save time. It is necessary to calculate the cross-sectional area of cables in advance, plan the specifications and quantity of cable trays reasonably, and ensure that cables are arranged neatly, evenly spaced, and not squeezed or tangled. At the same time, strong and weak electrical cables are laid separately to further reserve heat dissipation space and eliminate the problem of excessive plot ratio from the construction source.

　　除了布線規(guī)范，橋架材質(zhì)選型同樣要適配濟南本地氣候，戶外光伏項目必須選用熱浸鋅或鋁合金材質(zhì)橋架，熱浸鋅橋架鋅層厚度≥85μm，抗老化、耐腐蝕，適應濟南四季溫差、雨水沖刷環(huán)境，避免橋架變形擠壓線纜，間接導致超標。運維階段也要定期巡檢，查看線纜排布情況與溫度，及時整改違規(guī)布線，提前排查發(fā)熱隱患，不要等到線纜老化、故障頻發(fā)才重視。

　　In addition to the wiring specification, the selection of bridge materials should also adapt to the local climate of Jinan. Hot dip galvanized or aluminum alloy bridges must be selected for outdoor photovoltaic projects. The thickness of the zinc layer of the hot dip galvanized bridge is ≥ 85 μ m, which is anti-aging and corrosion resistant. It can adapt to the temperature difference and rain wash environment in four seasons of Jinan, and avoid the deformation of the bridge and extrusion of the cable, which will indirectly lead to the floor area ratio exceeding the standard. Regular inspections should also be carried out during the operation and maintenance phase to check the cable layout and temperature, promptly rectify any unauthorized wiring, and identify potential heating hazards in advance. Do not wait until the cables age or experience frequent malfunctions to take them seriously.

　　光伏項目無小事，電纜看似是輔材施工的小細節(jié)，實則是關(guān)乎電站與收益的大問題。濟南電纜橋架作為光伏布線核心載體，不僅要選對散熱款型、材質(zhì)，更要嚴守30%這條紅線，規(guī)范施工、科學布線。只有兼顧散熱效率與布線規(guī)范，才能從根源上杜絕電纜發(fā)熱、老化、起火隱患，保障光伏電站長期穩(wěn)定運行，守住項目收益，避免因小失大。

　　The safety of photovoltaic projects is no small matter, and the cable plot ratio may seem like a small detail in the construction of auxiliary materials, but it is actually a major issue related to the safety and profitability of power plants. As the core carrier of photovoltaic wiring, Jinan cable tray not only needs to choose the right type of heat dissipation and high-quality materials, but also strictly adhere to the safety red line of 30% plot ratio, standardize construction, and scientifically route. Only by balancing heat dissipation efficiency and wiring standards can we fundamentally eliminate the hidden dangers of cable heating, aging, and fire, ensure the long-term safe and stable operation of photovoltaic power plants, safeguard project profits, and avoid losing big for small gains.

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