光伏項目建筑結(jié)構(gòu)及電纜選擇與接地保護(hù)

　　Photovoltaic project building structure and cable selection and grounding protection

　　一、電線電纜選擇與敷設(shè)

　　1、 Selection and laying of wires and cables

　　光伏發(fā)電站電纜的選擇與敷設(shè)，應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《電力工程電纜設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50217的規(guī)定，電纜截面應(yīng)進(jìn)行技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較后選擇確定。

　　The selection and laying of cables for photovoltaic power plants should comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Cables in Power Engineering" GB50217, and the cable cross-section should be selected and determined after technical and economic comparison.

　　1.光伏組件與組串匯流箱、光伏組件與組串式逆變器之間的電纜宜采用單芯光伏專用電纜，其耐紫外線、耐臭氧、耐氣候性、溫度特性、阻燃特性等均應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《太陽能光伏發(fā)電用電纜技術(shù)規(guī)范》的規(guī)定。光伏電纜結(jié)構(gòu)，如下圖：

　　1. The cables between photovoltaic modules and string combiner boxes, as well as between photovoltaic modules and string inverters, should use single core photovoltaic dedicated cables, which should comply with the current national standard "Technical Specification for Cables for Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation" in terms of UV resistance, ozone resistance, weather resistance, temperature characteristics, flame retardant properties, etc. The structure of photovoltaic cable is shown in the following figure:

　　2.電纜的截面應(yīng)根據(jù)長度進(jìn)行選擇，光伏系統(tǒng)交流電壓降落不宜大于3%，光伏系統(tǒng)直流電壓降落不宜大于2%，且應(yīng)符合《電力工程直流電源系統(tǒng)設(shè)計技術(shù)規(guī)程》DL/T 5044的規(guī)定。如電壓降落不滿足要求時，應(yīng)增大相應(yīng)電纜的截面或調(diào)整設(shè)備相對位置以縮短路徑長度，使壓降在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi)。

　　2. The cross-section of the cable should be selected according to its length. The AC voltage drop of the photovoltaic system should not exceed 3%, and the DC voltage drop of the photovoltaic system should not exceed 2%, and should comply with the provisions of the "Technical Code for Design of DC Power Supply System in Electric Power Engineering" DL/T 5044. If the voltage drop does not meet the requirements, the cross-sectional area of the corresponding cable should be increased or the relative position of the equipment should be adjusted to shorten the path length, so that the voltage drop is within the specified range.

　　3.集中敷設(shè)于溝道、槽盒中的電纜應(yīng)選用C類及以上阻燃電纜。在西北干旱地區(qū)常采用直埋方式敷設(shè)，采用此方式敷設(shè)有利于降低工程投資并有利于防止電纜火災(zāi)，因此對此部分電纜不做阻燃要求，但應(yīng)采用鎧裝電纜。與建筑相結(jié)合的光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，電纜宜采用C類及以上阻燃電纜，電力電纜宜選擇銅導(dǎo)體。

　　3. Cables centrally laid in channels and troughs should use Class C or above flame-retardant cables. In the arid areas of Northwest China, direct burial is often used for laying, which is beneficial for reducing project investment and preventing cable fires. Therefore, there are no flame retardant requirements for this part of the cable, but armored cables should be used. The photovoltaic power generation system combined with buildings should use Class C or above flame-retardant cables for cables, and copper conductors for power cables.

　　4.電纜直埋敷設(shè)時要采取鎧裝保護(hù)。組件與組串匯流箱或組串式逆變器之間的連接電纜需要埋地敷設(shè)時，采用穿管保護(hù)時，可不用鎧裝保護(hù)，但穿管時正負(fù)極電纜應(yīng)分穿在不同保護(hù)管內(nèi)。

　　When laying cables directly buried, armor protection should be adopted. When the connecting cables between components and string combiner boxes or string inverters need to be buried underground and protected by conduit, armor protection is not necessary. However, the positive and negative cables should be separately threaded in different protective conduits during conduit installation.

　　5.光伏組件之間及組件與匯流箱或組串式逆變器之間的電纜，應(yīng)有固定措施和防曬措施。

　　5. The cables between photovoltaic modules and between modules and combiner boxes or string inverters should have fixing measures and sun protection measures.

　　6.電力電纜和控制電纜、光纜、屏蔽雙絞線等線纜應(yīng)分開排列，防止電力電纜對信號電纜干擾。光伏發(fā)電站中電氣設(shè)備電纜出線孔與地面之間電纜裸露在外部的部分需要設(shè)置電纜保護(hù)管加以保護(hù)，以防外力破壞或斷線引起周圍設(shè)備帶電，同時增加電纜抗腐蝕能力。

　　6. Power cables, control cables, optical cables, shielded twisted pair cables, and other cables should be arranged separately to prevent interference from power cables to signal cables. The exposed part of the cable between the electrical equipment cable outlet hole and the ground in the photovoltaic power station needs to be protected by cable protection pipes to prevent external damage or disconnection from causing surrounding equipment to become electrified, and to increase the cable's corrosion resistance.

　　7.集電線路采用架空設(shè)計時應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《66kV及以下架空電力線路設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50061的規(guī)定；站區(qū)內(nèi)桿塔定位時應(yīng)減少桿塔對光伏組件的遮擋影響。

　　7. When the collection line adopts overhead design, it shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of 66kV and Below Overhead Power Lines" GB50061; When positioning the towers within the station area, the obstruction effect of the towers on the photovoltaic modules should be reduced.

　　8.與農(nóng)牧業(yè)相結(jié)合的光伏發(fā)電站，匯流箱和逆變設(shè)備之間的電纜，宜采用電纜橋架或電纜線槽形式，電纜橋架、電纜線槽的設(shè)置要便于通行和農(nóng)事作業(yè)。電纜采用直埋敷設(shè)時，耕作區(qū)直埋電纜深度宜不小于1000mm；采用固定式方陣基礎(chǔ)的水面光伏發(fā)電站，位于水面區(qū)域的電纜宜采用電纜橋架或電纜線槽敷設(shè)，電纜橋架、電纜線槽的設(shè)置不應(yīng)影響水域內(nèi)交通運輸。漂浮式水面光伏發(fā)電站，光伏方陣與陸上連接段的電纜宜固定在浮體上呈蛇形敷設(shè)且滿足伸縮要求。位于水面區(qū)域的電纜應(yīng)具有防水、抗紫外性能。

　　8. For photovoltaic power plants combined with agriculture and animal husbandry, the cables between the combiner box and the inverter equipment should be in the form of cable trays or cable troughs, and the installation of cable trays and cable troughs should be convenient for passage and agricultural operations. When cables are buried directly, the depth of buried cables in cultivated areas should not be less than 1000mm. For water surface photovoltaic power plants with fixed array foundations, cables located in the water surface area should be laid using cable trays or cable troughs, and the installation of cable trays and cable troughs should not affect transportation within the water area. The cables connecting the photovoltaic array and the onshore connection section of the floating surface photovoltaic power station should be fixed on the floating body and laid in a serpentine shape to meet the expansion and contraction requirements. Cables located in water surface areas should have waterproof and UV resistant properties.

　　二、過電壓保護(hù)和接地

　　2、 Overvoltage protection and grounding

　　光伏發(fā)電站的升壓站區(qū)和就地逆變升壓室的過電壓保護(hù)和接地，應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《交流電氣裝置的過電壓保護(hù)和絕緣配合設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB/T 50064、《交流電氣裝置的接地設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB/T 50065和現(xiàn)行行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《光伏發(fā)電站防雷技術(shù)規(guī)程》DL/T1364的規(guī)定。光伏發(fā)電站建筑物防雷應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《建筑物防雷設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50057的規(guī)定。升壓站的防雷設(shè)計應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《交流電氣裝置的過電壓保護(hù)和絕緣配合設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB/T50064規(guī)定。

　　The overvoltage protection and grounding of the boosting station area and the on-site inverter boosting room of the photovoltaic power station shall comply with the current national standards "Design Specification for Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of AC Electrical Equipment" GB/T 50064, "Design Specification for Grounding of AC Electrical Equipment" GB/T 50065, and the current industry standard "Technical Code for Lightning Protection of Photovoltaic Power Stations" DL/T1364. The lightning protection of photovoltaic power station buildings shall comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Lightning Protection of Buildings" GB50057. The lightning protection design of the booster station should comply with the current national standard "Design Specification for Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of AC Electrical Equipment" GB/T50064.

　　1.光伏方陣場地內(nèi)應(yīng)設(shè)置接地網(wǎng)，接地網(wǎng)除應(yīng)采用人工接地極外，還應(yīng)充分利用支架基礎(chǔ)的金屬構(gòu)件。

　　1. A grounding grid should be installed within the photovoltaic array site. In addition to using artificial grounding electrodes, the grounding grid should also fully utilize the metal components of the support foundation.

　　2.接地應(yīng)連續(xù)、可靠，接地電阻應(yīng)小于4Ω。

　　2. The grounding should be continuous and reliable, and the grounding resistance should be less than 4 Ω.

　　3.光伏組件金屬邊框應(yīng)與金屬支架可靠電氣連接，且單個金屬支架應(yīng)少在兩端接地。當(dāng)采用非金屬支架時，光伏組件金屬邊框應(yīng)用引下線引下與接地網(wǎng)可靠連接。

　　3. The metal frame of the photovoltaic module should be reliably electrically connected to the metal bracket, and a single metal bracket should be grounded at least at both ends. When non-metallic brackets are used, the metal frame of the photovoltaic module should be reliably connected to the grounding grid through the use of down conductors.

　　4.室外布置的箱式逆變器和變壓器等，宜充分利用其箱體金屬外殼對設(shè)備進(jìn)行雷電防護(hù)；當(dāng)采用非金屬箱體時，應(yīng)設(shè)置接閃器對設(shè)備進(jìn)行防護(hù)。

　　4. Box type inverters and transformers arranged outdoors should fully utilize their metal casing to provide lightning protection for the equipment; When using non-metallic enclosures, a lightning arrester should be installed to protect the equipment.

　　三、建筑結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)要求

　　3、 Requirements related to building structure

　　光伏發(fā)電站主要配備有綜合控制室、變配電站、水泵房、汽車庫、警衛(wèi)室等。根據(jù)項目規(guī)模及總體布置，這些站、室可增減或合并。建(構(gòu))筑物的布置應(yīng)根據(jù)總體布置要求、站址地質(zhì)條件、設(shè)備型號、電源進(jìn)線方向、對外交通以及有利于站房施工、設(shè)備安裝與檢修和工程管理等條件，經(jīng)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較確定。建筑設(shè)計應(yīng)根據(jù)規(guī)劃留有擴建的空間。

　　The photovoltaic power station is mainly equipped with a comprehensive control room, a power distribution station, a water pump room, a garage, a guard room, etc. According to the project scale and overall layout, these stations and rooms can be added, removed, or merged. The layout of buildings (structures) should be determined based on overall layout requirements, geological conditions of the station site, equipment models, direction of power supply lines, external transportation, and conditions conducive to station construction, equipment installation and maintenance, and engineering management, through technical and economic comparisons. Architectural design should leave room for expansion according to the plan.

　　1.地面光伏發(fā)電站的建筑物設(shè)計應(yīng)滿足設(shè)備布置、安裝、運行和檢修的要求。滿足內(nèi)外交通運輸、站房結(jié)構(gòu)布置、房內(nèi)采暖、通風(fēng)和采光、防火、防潮、防塵、防噪聲等要求。建筑造型應(yīng)與場地協(xié)調(diào)，布置合理，適用美觀。

　　The building design of ground photovoltaic power stations should meet the requirements of equipment layout, installation, operation, and maintenance. Meet the requirements of internal and external transportation, station building structure layout, indoor heating, ventilation and lighting, fire prevention, moisture prevention, dust prevention, noise prevention, etc. The architectural design should be coordinated with the site, arranged reasonably, and aesthetically pleasing.

　　2.建筑物設(shè)計應(yīng)滿足建筑功能、使用質(zhì)量、基本熱工性能要求。包括建筑物及其圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的保溫、隔熱和防潮設(shè)計，所采取的主要措施有：控制窗戶面積，提高窗戶氣密性；圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)實際采用的傳熱阻盡量接近經(jīng)濟(jì)傳熱阻；在嚴(yán)寒和寒冷地區(qū)，入口處設(shè)置門斗，加強外門、窗保溫等。

　　2. Energy saving design of buildings should meet the requirements of building functionality, quality of use, and basic thermal performance. The main measures taken for insulation, heat preservation, and moisture prevention design of buildings and their surrounding structures include controlling window area and improving window air tightness; The actual heat transfer resistance used in the enclosure structure should be as close as possible to the economic heat transfer resistance; In extremely cold and frigid regions, door hoppers should be installed at the entrance to enhance the insulation of external doors and windows.

　　3.建筑物門窗應(yīng)根據(jù)建筑物內(nèi)通風(fēng)、采暖和采光的需要合理布置，有效地組織與室外空氣直接流通的自然風(fēng)，降低設(shè)備運行溫度。宜利用自然采光，盡量爭取好朝向，獲取良好的天然采光。在嚴(yán)寒和寒冷地區(qū)，一般可采用雙層玻璃窗以滿足保溫要求。在風(fēng)沙較大的荒漠地區(qū)，外門窗還需有防風(fēng)沙措施。

　　3. Building doors and windows should be arranged reasonably according to the needs of ventilation, heating, and lighting inside the building, effectively organizing natural wind that directly circulates with outdoor air and reducing equipment operating temperature. It is advisable to utilize natural lighting and strive for a good orientation to obtain good natural lighting. In extremely cold and frigid regions, double-layer glass windows can generally be used to meet insulation requirements. In desert areas with strong sandstorms, external doors and windows also need to have wind and sand prevention measures.

　　4.建筑物應(yīng)預(yù)留設(shè)備搬入口，設(shè)備搬入口可結(jié)合門窗洞或非承重墻設(shè)置。采用酸性蓄電池的蓄電池室和貯酸室應(yīng)采用耐酸地面，其內(nèi)墻面應(yīng)涂耐酸漆或鋪設(shè)耐酸材料。

　　4. Buildings should reserve equipment access points, which can be combined with door and window openings or non load bearing walls. The battery room and acid storage room using acidic batteries should have acid resistant flooring, and their interior walls should be coated with acid resistant paint or covered with acid resistant materials.

　　5.與光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合的建筑主體結(jié)構(gòu)或結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件，應(yīng)能夠承受光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)傳遞的荷載。在新建建筑上安裝光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)時，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計時需事先考慮其傳遞的荷載效應(yīng)；在既有建筑物上安裝光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)時，需進(jìn)行建筑結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)核。

　　5. The main structure or structural components of buildings combined with photovoltaic power generation systems should be able to withstand the loads transmitted by the photovoltaic power generation system. When installing photovoltaic power generation systems on newly constructed buildings, the load effects transmitted should be considered in advance during the design of the building structure; When installing photovoltaic power generation systems on existing buildings, a structural safety review of the building is required.

　　6.與光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合的建筑設(shè)計時，光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)宜布置在便于光伏設(shè)備維修、更換的建筑部位。廚房排油煙煙口、屋面排風(fēng)、排煙道、通氣管、空調(diào)系統(tǒng)等構(gòu)件布置應(yīng)與光伏組件相互避讓。光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的布置不應(yīng)影響建筑所在部位的雨水排放。

　　When designing buildings combined with photovoltaic power generation systems, the photovoltaic power generation system should be arranged in building areas that are convenient for maintenance and replacement of photovoltaic equipment. The layout of kitchen smoke exhaust vents, roof exhaust ducts, smoke exhaust ducts, ventilation pipes, air conditioning systems and other components should avoid each other with photovoltaic modules. The layout of photovoltaic power generation systems should not affect the rainwater discharge in the location of the building.

　　7.多雪地區(qū)的建筑屋面安裝光伏組件時宜設(shè)置便于人工除雪、清掃的通道。屋面防水層上安裝光伏組件時應(yīng)采取保護(hù)措施。建筑物屋面可根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貧夂驐l件和站房內(nèi)通風(fēng)、采暖要求設(shè)置保溫隔熱層。光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的管線需要穿越屋面時應(yīng)設(shè)置防水套管，并做防水密封處理。建筑屋面安裝光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)應(yīng)考慮屋面防水的更新和維護(hù)的需要。建筑應(yīng)有防止光伏組件墜落的防護(hù)措施。單個光伏支架不應(yīng)跨越建筑變形縫。

　　When installing photovoltaic modules on the roofs of buildings in snowy areas, it is advisable to set up safe passages for manual snow removal and cleaning. When installing photovoltaic modules on the roof waterproof layer, protective measures should be taken. The roof of a building can be equipped with insulation layers according to local climate conditions and ventilation and heating requirements inside the station building. When the pipelines of the photovoltaic power generation system need to pass through the roof, waterproof sleeves should be installed and waterproof sealing treatment should be carried out. The installation of photovoltaic power generation systems on building roofs should consider the need for updating and maintaining roof waterproofing. Buildings should have safety protection measures to prevent photovoltaic modules from falling. A single photovoltaic bracket should not cross building deformation joints.

　　8.光伏發(fā)電站中，除光伏支架及基礎(chǔ)外的建(構(gòu))筑物的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計使用年限應(yīng)為50年。抗震設(shè)防烈度應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《建筑抗震設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50011的規(guī)定。結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件應(yīng)根據(jù)承載能力極限狀態(tài)及正常使用極限狀態(tài)的要求，進(jìn)行承載能力、穩(wěn)定、變形、抗裂、抗震驗算。

　　8. In photovoltaic power plants, the structural design service life of buildings (structures) other than photovoltaic brackets and foundations should be 50 years. The seismic fortification intensity should comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" GB50011. Structural components should undergo load-bearing capacity, stability, deformation, crack resistance, and seismic verification according to the requirements of the ultimate limit state and normal service limit state.

　　9.光伏發(fā)電站的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，應(yīng)依據(jù)巖土工程勘察報告進(jìn)行。主要核實和考慮報告中如下內(nèi)容：有無影響場地穩(wěn)定性的不良地質(zhì)條件及其危害程度；場地范圍內(nèi)的地層結(jié)構(gòu)及其均勻性，以及各巖土層的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)；地下水埋藏情況、類型和水位變化幅度及規(guī)律，以及對建筑材料的腐蝕性；在抗震設(shè)防區(qū)劃分的場地土類型和場地類別，并對飽和砂土及粉土進(jìn)行液化判別；對可供采用的地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計方案進(jìn)行論證并確定與設(shè)計要求相對應(yīng)的地基承載力及變形計算參數(shù)，以及設(shè)計與施工應(yīng)注意的問題；地下水、土壤腐蝕性；地基土凍脹性、濕陷性、膨脹性的評價；水面光伏發(fā)電站應(yīng)明確項目所在水體的腐蝕性、豐水期和枯水期的水位。

　　9. The structural design of photovoltaic power plants should be based on the geotechnical investigation report. Mainly verify and focus on the following contents in the report: whether there are adverse geological conditions that affect the stability of the site and their degree of harm; The geological structure and uniformity within the site, as well as the physical and mechanical properties of each rock and soil layer; The burial situation, type, and magnitude and regularity of water level changes in groundwater, as well as its corrosiveness to building materials; Divide the site soil types and categories in seismic fortification zones, and conduct liquefaction discrimination on saturated sand and silt; Discuss the available foundation design schemes and determine the foundation bearing capacity and deformation calculation parameters corresponding to the design requirements, as well as the issues to be noted in design and construction; Groundwater and soil corrosiveness; Evaluation of frost heave, collapsibility, and expansibility of foundation soil; The water surface photovoltaic power station should specify the corrosiveness of the water body where the project is located, as well as the water levels during the wet and dry seasons.

　　10.建筑結(jié)構(gòu)及支架的基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)進(jìn)行強度、變形、抗傾覆和抗滑移驗算，采取相應(yīng)的措施，且應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《構(gòu)筑物抗震設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50191、《建筑地基基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50007、《建筑樁基技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ94、《建筑地基處理技術(shù)規(guī)范》JGJ79和《太陽能發(fā)電站支架基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)規(guī)范》GB 51101等的規(guī)定。

　　10. The foundation of building structures and supports should undergo strength, deformation, anti overturning, and anti slip calculations, and corresponding measures should be taken. It should also comply with the current national standards such as "Code for Seismic Design of Structures" GB50191, "Code for Design of Building Foundation" GB50007, "Technical Code for Building Pile Foundations" JGJ94, "Technical Code for Building Foundation Treatment" JGJ79, and "Technical Code for Solar Power Station Support Foundation" GB 51101.

　　11.對于地面電站，當(dāng)場地地下水位低、穩(wěn)定持力層埋深大、需要冬季施工、地形起伏大或?qū)龅厣鷳B(tài)恢復(fù)要求較高時，支架的基礎(chǔ)可采用螺旋樁、型鋼樁等鋼制地錨。

　　11. For ground power stations, when the groundwater level is low, the stable bearing layer is deeply buried, winter construction is required, the terrain is undulating, or the ecological restoration requirements of the site are high, the foundation of the support can use steel anchors such as spiral piles and steel piles.

　　12.對于水面光伏電站，應(yīng)根據(jù)水文、工程地質(zhì)和施工條件，經(jīng)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)對比后，確定采用漂浮式或固定式支架基礎(chǔ)。采用固定式支架基礎(chǔ)時，宜采用預(yù)制樁基礎(chǔ)。四、建筑給排水、暖通與空調(diào)光伏發(fā)電站給水應(yīng)滿足生產(chǎn)、生活和消防用水要求，且應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《建筑給水排水設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50015的規(guī)定。生活飲用水的水質(zhì)應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB5749的規(guī)定。

　　For surface photovoltaic power plants, floating or fixed support foundations should be determined based on hydrological, engineering geological, and construction conditions, after technical and economic comparisons. When using a fixed bracket foundation, it is advisable to use a prefabricated pile foundation. 4、 The water supply for building water supply and drainage, HVAC and photovoltaic power plants should meet the requirements for production, domestic and fire-fighting water, and should comply with the provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Building Water Supply and Drainage" GB50015. The water quality of drinking water should comply with the current national standard "Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water" GB5749.

　　1.要合理利用水資源和保護(hù)水體。綜合利用各種水資源并符合所在地區(qū)水資源綜合利用規(guī)劃。除生活飲用、盥洗、淋浴等用水外，在滿足水質(zhì)要求的情況下，生產(chǎn)和雜用應(yīng)充分考慮利用非傳統(tǒng)水資源、生產(chǎn)排出的清潔廢水等資源，當(dāng)有市政再生水條件時，應(yīng)優(yōu)先利用市政再生水。

　　1. Reasonably utilize water resources and protect water bodies. Comprehensively utilize various water resources and comply with the comprehensive utilization plan of water resources in the region. In addition to drinking water, washing water, showering water, etc., production and miscellaneous use should fully consider the utilization of non-traditional water resources, clean wastewater discharged from production, and other resources, while meeting water quality requirements. When there are conditions for municipal recycled water, priority should be given to using municipal recycled water.

　　2.寒冷及嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)，給水管設(shè)計時應(yīng)設(shè)泄水裝置。

　　2. In cold and extremely cold regions, drainage devices should be installed in the design of water supply pipes.

　　3.光伏發(fā)電站內(nèi)各類廢、污水應(yīng)按水質(zhì)分流排水，并應(yīng)根據(jù)排放要求進(jìn)行處理，處理后對外排放的水質(zhì)應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《污水綜合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》GB 8978的有關(guān)規(guī)定。

　　3. Various types of waste and sewage in photovoltaic power plants should be separated and discharged according to water quality, and treated according to discharge requirements. The water quality discharged after treatment should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard" GB 8978.

　　4.光伏組件清洗系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備宜采用節(jié)水型，清洗用水應(yīng)為中性水，避免使用弱酸弱堿水對組件產(chǎn)生腐蝕。采用管道清洗光伏組件時，設(shè)計水壓應(yīng)滿足現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《室外給排水設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50014中的相關(guān)規(guī)定。

　　4. The photovoltaic module cleaning system and equipment should be water-saving, and the cleaning water should be neutral water to avoid corrosion of the components caused by weak acid and weak alkali water. When using pipeline cleaning for photovoltaic modules, the design water pressure should meet the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Code for Design of Outdoor Water Supply and Drainage" GB 50014.

　　5.光伏發(fā)電站建筑累年日平均溫度穩(wěn)定低于或等于5℃的日數(shù)大于或等于90天的地區(qū)，當(dāng)建筑物內(nèi)經(jīng)常有人停留、對工作或?qū)κ覂?nèi)溫度有一定要求時，應(yīng)設(shè)置采暖設(shè)施。采暖通風(fēng)和空氣調(diào)節(jié)室外空氣計算參數(shù)的選用，應(yīng)符合現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《工業(yè)建筑采暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB50019和《民用建筑采暖通風(fēng)與空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)計規(guī)范》GB 50736的規(guī)定。

　　5. In areas where the average daily temperature of photovoltaic power station buildings has remained stable below or equal to 5 ℃ for more than or equal to 90 days over the years, heating facilities should be installed when people often stay in the building, have certain requirements for work or indoor temperature. The selection of outdoor air calculation parameters for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning should comply with the current national standards "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning of Industrial Buildings" GB50019 and "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning of Civil Buildings" GB 50736.

　　6.光伏發(fā)電站內(nèi)各類建筑物冬季采暖室內(nèi)計算溫度宜符合下表的規(guī)定：注：采用閥控式密封鉛酸電池組的蓄電池室，室內(nèi)計算溫度為15℃。

　　6. The calculated indoor temperature for winter heating of various buildings in the photovoltaic power station should comply with the following table: Note: For battery rooms using valve regulated sealed lead-acid battery packs, the calculated indoor temperature is 15 ℃.

　　7.需設(shè)置采暖的建筑物，當(dāng)其位于嚴(yán)寒地區(qū)或寒冷地區(qū)且在非工作時間或中斷使用的時間內(nèi)，室內(nèi)溫度應(yīng)按5℃設(shè)置值班采暖。

　　7. For buildings that require heating, when they are located in extremely cold areas or cold regions and during non working hours or interrupted use, the indoor temperature should be set at 5 ℃ for duty heating.

　　8.光伏發(fā)電站低溫加熱電纜輻射采暖宜采用地板式；低溫電熱膜輻射采暖宜采用頂棚式。

　　8. Low temperature heating cable radiation heating for photovoltaic power plants should adopt floor type heating; Low temperature electric heating film radiation heating should adopt ceiling type.

　　9.光伏發(fā)電站各類建筑應(yīng)有良好的自然通風(fēng)。當(dāng)自然通風(fēng)達(dá)不到室內(nèi)空氣參數(shù)要求時，可采用自然與機械聯(lián)合通風(fēng)、機械通風(fēng)、局部空氣調(diào)節(jié)等方式。通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)考慮防風(fēng)沙措施。

　　9. All types of buildings in photovoltaic power plants should have good natural ventilation. When natural ventilation cannot meet the indoor air parameter requirements, methods such as natural and mechanical combined ventilation, mechanical ventilation, and local air conditioning can be used. The ventilation system should consider measures to prevent wind and sand.

　　10.逆變器室的環(huán)境溫度應(yīng)控制在設(shè)備運行允許范圍內(nèi)，應(yīng)有通風(fēng)設(shè)施，確保逆變器產(chǎn)生的廢熱能排離設(shè)備，出風(fēng)口的朝向應(yīng)根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)刂鲗?dǎo)風(fēng)向確定，進(jìn)風(fēng)口、出風(fēng)口應(yīng)有防塵、防雨、防植物飛絮等設(shè)施。

　　10. The ambient temperature of the inverter room should be controlled within the allowable range of equipment operation, and ventilation facilities should be provided to ensure that the waste heat generated by the inverter is discharged from the equipment. The orientation of the air outlet should be determined according to the local prevailing wind direction, and the inlet and outlet should have dust, rain, and plant fly proof facilities.

　　11.當(dāng)通風(fēng)裝置不能滿足工藝對室內(nèi)的溫度、濕度要求時，主控制室、繼電器室等應(yīng)設(shè)置空氣調(diào)節(jié)裝置。當(dāng)采用局部空氣調(diào)節(jié)或局部區(qū)域空氣調(diào)滿足要求時，不宜采用全室性空氣調(diào)節(jié)。

　　When the ventilation device cannot meet the temperature and humidity requirements of the process for indoor use, air conditioning devices should be installed in the main control room, relay room, etc. When local air conditioning or local area air conditioning can meet the requirements, it is not advisable to use full room air conditioning.

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